Copyright protects original expressions such as text, music, audiovisual works, software code and other creative outputs.

See Creative Expressions for a related concept covering the broader category of IP assets that include copyright and related rights with data on their dependencies and relevance to services, and literary works for a related concept covering the specific category of textual and equivalent expressions that include books, articles, manuals, scripts and digital text content with data on their dependencies and relevance to services.

In practice

Rights typically include reproduction, communication to the public, adaptation and distribution, subject to limitations and exceptions.

IP-services relevance

Many services depend on licensed copyright content, including broadcasting, streaming, publishing, education technology and software-enabled services.

Examples

• A streaming provider clears communication rights for multiple territories.
• A software firm licenses code under commercial and open-source terms.
• A training platform relies on exceptions and licences for learning materials.